Solar panel | Solar panel act as components that change sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that captures sunlight to produce heat, usually used for hot water production or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating, indoor heating, or electricity generation. It is a renewable and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural heritage, notable attractions, and vibrant urban areas like the capital. It boasts a mixed landscape of rolling hills, ancient castles, and busy metropolitan areas that blend heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the organic light emitted by the star, vital for living organisms on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of power generated by the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It drives numerous systems and systems, facilitating modern life and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way movement of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into current to power various electronic gadgets. It comprises multiple galvanic units, each containing electrode pairs interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into power using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a device that converts DC generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for household use and utility connection. It is essential for maximizing energy efficiency and providing secure, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes direction periodically, usually used in home and commercial power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over great lengths and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It provides efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to measure the dimension, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, temperature sensors, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are huge facilities that utilize sunlight to produce electricity using many solar panels. They provide a green and renewable energy power, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves placing photovoltaic cells on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that gather solar radiation and convert it into electricity. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess electricity generated from renewable energy or the power grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems generally use batteries to provide backup power, lower energy costs, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of photovoltaic cells documents the advancement and improvements in solar energy tech from the initial invention of the solar effect to current advanced solar panels. It features major milestones, including the development of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent developments that have significantly improved energy transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist noted for his innovative work in the study of the solar effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the foundation for grasping how light interacts with certain media to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photoconductive cell and advancements in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States creator who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work laid the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious innovative organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its key role in the production of electronics and solar panels. It is a tough, breakable crystal solid with a blue-grey sheen, mainly utilized as a electronic component in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a small device installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach increases system performance, enables enhanced system tracking, and boosts energy yield in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a component that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is commonly used in solar panels to supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that provides renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon serves as a fundamental particle which represents a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the basic principle behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the harnessing of solar energy for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic systems due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, furnishings, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in structural design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the identical voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification is the rate at which electricity is conveyed by an electrical network, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Produced through diverse origins such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewable energy, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a measure of energy conversion in the SI system, representing the rate of energy transfer or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic potential difference between two points, which causes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and shows the work per individual charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the standard unit of electrical potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per unit charge between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the flow of electricity through a conductor, usually measured in A. It is crucial for energizing electronic devices and facilitating the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the standard of electric flow in the SI units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electrical charge through a wire over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the design and power of power systems to maintain reliable and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a simple and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is often used for recharging and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a unit that transforms direct current (DC) from sources like cells or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It permits the application of regular electrical equipment in environments where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack is a collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically regulate the orientation of solar panels to follow the solar trajectory throughout the daytime, optimizing solar energy capture. This technology increases the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by maintaining best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power generation of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the operating point to align with the maximum power point of the solar cells. This procedure ensures the highest efficiency power harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that observes and examines the performance of solar panel systems in instantaneous, offering important data on energy production and system status. It aids maximize solar energy output by spotting issues early and guaranteeing maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, devices, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of many minute silicon crystals, commonly used in solar panels and microchip production. Its creation involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline form suitable for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a high-purity variant of silicon with a single lattice framework, making it very effective for use in solar cells and electronic devices. Its homogeneous framework allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in higher functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a type of film solar method that provides a economical and high-performance solution for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are their excellent absorption capability and relatively affordable manufacturing fees versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices that use a multi-layered compound of Cu, In, gallium, and Se to convert sunlight into power efficiently. They are noted for their excellent absorption effectiveness, flexibility, and possibility for lightweight, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered atomic structure, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its affordability and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and innovative techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are innovative photovoltaic modules that employ several p-n connections layered in tandem to collect a wider range of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. These are mainly employed in space satellites and high-performance solar power systems due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are essential devices that transform solar radiation into electricity to supply onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize optics or mirrors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-band solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This technique is perfect for large capacity solar power plants in areas with sunny sunlight, delivering a cost-effective option for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a lightweight, economical alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a slender layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in multiple technological fields. These layers are essential in electronic systems, light manipulation, and coverings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and affordable energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a layer of substance ranging from tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in depth, often coated on surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, light manipulation, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to depict very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are high-precision devices used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or depths, generally in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a narrow, circular section of silicon crystal used as the base for constructing semiconductor devices. It acts as the core material in the production of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are flexible solar modules known for their high efficiency and flexibility, perfect for various uses. They employ a layered semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight immediately into power with excellent efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is known for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into power using photovoltaic cells, supplying a renewable energy source for household, industrial, and grid applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for clear and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the potential for lower-cost, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that use organic materials, to convert sun's energy into electric power. They are compact, bendable, and offer the potential for more affordable, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising photovoltaic compound used in layer solar panels due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an appealing substitute for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as rooftops, facades, and fenestration. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to scatter through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a light film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations overview various extensive solar energy installations around the globe, highlighting their power and positions. These plants play a vital role in renewable energy generation and global efforts to lower carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive systems that transform sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, global warming, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are constantly replenished, such as solar radiation, breezes, and water. It offers a sustainable option to traditional fuels, minimizing environmental impact and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, crude oil, and fossil gas, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the main power sources for electrical energy and transportation but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and green energy into electrical power. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, poisonous elements such as lead, quicksilver, cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how well a solar cell converts sunlight into usable electrical power. Enhancing this efficiency is essential for optimizing renewable energy generation and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to elevated stresses to speedily determine their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This growth is changing the global energy landscape by increasing the portion of renewable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power plants intended to generate electricity on a business scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent instrument that refracts light to bring together or diverge rays, creating images. It is often used in equipment like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to minimize reflections and enhance light passage. It boosts the clarity and luminosity of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes cancel each other out, leading to a decrease or full disappearance of the combined wave. This event typically happens when the waveforms are phase-shifted by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that alternates direction, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes sinusoidally as time progresses, enabling cost-effective transfer over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a tiny entity used to change DC from a individual solar module into AC suitable for home applications. It enhances system performance by maximizing power output at the panel level and simplifies setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the voltage and electric current periodically reverse orientation, enabling cost-effective transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in households and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical connector used to deliver DC energy from a energy source to an device. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that guarantee a firm and dependable attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide safety certification body that tests and certifies products to ensure they comply with particular security norms. It assists consumers and businesses identify reliable and protected products through strict assessment and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the identical current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate independently, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode is a semiconductor device that permits current to flow in a single sense exclusively, acting as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, designed to provide electrical energy for various devices and attachments within a vehicle. It permits users to charge electronic devices or use small devices while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting devices to computing systems, facilitating data transfer and power delivery. It backs a wide range of peripherals such as keyboards, mice, external drives, and cell phones, with different revisions delivering higher speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into electrical energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy production and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on developments in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, ranging from wireless signals to gamma radiation, featuring different lengths and power. This band is fundamental to a wide array of devices and natural events, allowing communication, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It has a key role in including vitamin D production but can also result in skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on variations of a single hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create balance and unity. This composition approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per square meter. It is a key parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight reaching a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to calculate the intensity of radiation or power received or emitted over a specific area, commonly in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the distribution and transfer of power across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of various tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is often used to depict the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large mass of atmosphere with fairly even thermal and humidity features, deriving from from certain starting regions. These air masses influence weather patterns and atmospheric situations as they move across different areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the assessment of the intensity per square kilometer received from the solar source in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It varies with solar activity and Earth's weather systems, influencing climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the accumulation of dust, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar arrays, which reduces their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are important to limit energy decrease and maintain optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when no current is flowing, measured across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It creates a considerable safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the peak power output of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It indicates the panel's peak capacity to create electricity in typical testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electronic device used to check the voltage between separate points in a circuit. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid chemical element necessary for plant growth and applied in different industrial uses, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses special chemical properties that cause it beneficial in producing robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It supplies an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of using land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while concurrently generating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, boosting overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo effect and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides shade while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of multiple solar panels configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to deliver clean, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that provides shade and protection from the weather for al fresco areas. It boosts the functionality and visual charm of a patio, making it a pleasant zone for relaxation and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line between an surveyor to a target object. It is frequently used in routing, surveying, and celestial observation to define the bearing of an celestial body with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates outstanding optical characteristics, making it a preferred choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are essential in promoting solar energy implementation and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a unit of energy output equal to a billion W, used to measure large-scale energy generation and consumption. It is commonly associated with power plants, power grids, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, focused on producing thin film-based solar cells that provide high-performance and low-cost energy production. The organization is dedicated to eco-friendly energy development and decreasing the world dependency on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly integrating various elements of industrial and automated systems to improve efficiency and reliability. It concentrates on developing innovative solutions that promote smooth communication and compatibility among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top Chinese-based corporation expert in manufacturing and innovating photovoltaic solar items and systems. It is known for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion W, often used to indicate the ability of massive power production or consumption. It highlights the huge energy scale involved in modern power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the unit cost reduces as total output rises, due to learning curve and improvements achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the significance of accumulated experience in cutting expenses and improving productivity in manufacturing and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a pure, sustainable energy source that helps lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the cost of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy sources are financially viable with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the primary electrical power supplied to houses and businesses through a grid of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the country, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is harnessed from the solar radiation using solar cells to convert electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It represents a green, renewable, and planet-friendly source of power that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, corporate, and manufacturing settings to produce green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar-powered products features a selection of gadgets that utilize sunlight to generate energy, supporting green and sustainable living. These products include covering solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, delivering flexible options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a facility that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses and reflectors focusing solar radiation on highly efficient solar cells, greatly increasing energy capture using a compact footprint. This approach is particularly effective in areas with intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |