Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as instruments that convert sunlight to electricity using PV cells. They are an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to generate heat, generally used for hot water production or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or electricity generation. It is a renewable and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural heritage, famous sights, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a mixed terrain of rolling hills, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that mix tradition with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental radiance emitted by the star, vital for existence on Earth as it supplies energy for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a kind of energy due to the motion of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives numerous devices and infrastructures, supporting modern life and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction stream of electric charge, usually produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a consistent voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that holds chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to run various electronic devices. It includes several galvanic units, each containing electrode pairs separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for household use and utility connection. It is essential for optimizing energy use and providing secure, reliable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses polarity cyclically, typically used in home and business power supplies. It allows for efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a instrument used to measure the size, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, temperature sensors, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This system enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge installations that utilize sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a renewable and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to produce electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. This electricity is then beamed to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems store excess electricity generated from renewable energy or the power grid for future use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems generally use batteries to offer backup energy, reduce energy costs, and aid grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar panels tracks the advancement and advancements in photovoltaic technology from the early invention of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary advanced solar panels. It highlights key innovations, including the development of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have significantly improved power transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic physicist famous for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His research laid the groundwork for grasping how illumination interacts with certain media to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrical engineer and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research formed the basis for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an American innovator who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work laid the foundation for modern photovoltaic technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious R&D entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its crucial role in the fabrication of electronic components and solar panels. It is a solid, breakable solid material with a blue-grey metallic luster, primarily used as a electronic component in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a small unit installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method enhances system efficiency, enables enhanced system tracking, and boosts power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is frequently used in solar arrays to provide a renewable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a elementary particle representing a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It serves a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the process by which specific substances convert sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of charge carriers. This effect is the core principle behind photovoltaic technology, enabling the utilization of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the primary platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic systems due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, neat crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a more affordable price. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as people, furnishings, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the identical voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification is the rate at which electric power flows by an electric circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and renewable energy, and crucial for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a measure of power in the International System of Units, showing the speed of energy movement or conversion. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, which causes the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in V and shows the power per single charge ready to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of electric potential, potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the potential energy per unit charge between locations in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electrical charge through a conductor, usually measured in amperes. It is crucial for supplying electronic devices and facilitating the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the measure of electric current in the SI units, represented by A. It measures the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and power of power systems to ensure secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a convenient and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for powering and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a unit that transforms direct current (DC) from supplies like accumulators or solar panels into AC suitable for household appliances. It enables the use of regular electrical equipment in locations where only DC power is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack serves as an collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the angle of photovoltaic panels to follow the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, maximizing solar energy capture. This technology increases the performance of solar power gathering by keeping ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to maximize the power generation of photovoltaic systems by regularly modifying the operating point to match the optimal power point of the solar cells. This process provides the best performance energy extraction, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that monitors and evaluates the performance of solar power systems in real-time, offering useful data on energy generation and system health. It helps optimize solar power generation by detecting problems early and securing optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, devices, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless tiny silicon crystal structures, frequently used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its production involves fusing and reforming silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline form appropriate for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a uniform lattice structure, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronics. Its uniform formation allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in better functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a kind of film solar system that offers a affordable and high-performance option for extensive solar energy harvesting. They are their excellent absorption efficiency and relatively affordable manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are thin-film solar cells that utilize a composite compound of copper, indium, Ga, and Se to convert sunlight into electricity effectively. They are noted for their great light capturing efficiency, bendability, and possibility for compact, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a disordered atomic configuration, making it more flexible and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in solar panels and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and flexible features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that employ multiple p-n junctions arranged together to capture a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. They are mainly employed in space missions and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays serve as crucial elements that convert solar radiation into electric power to operate onboard systems. Generally lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic element, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize focusing elements or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto very efficient multi-band solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is perfect for large-scale solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, offering a affordable approach for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a thin film of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with great output in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film describes a slender layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in multiple technological fields. These layers are vital in electronics, light manipulation, and films for their special physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a eco-friendly and affordable energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of substance spanning tiny nanometric scales to a few microns in depth, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, optics, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are accurate measuring instruments used to exactly measure small distances or depths, generally in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, circular piece of silicon crystal used as the substrate for producing semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the manufacture of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are compact solar modules known for their excellent performance and adaptability, perfect for various uses. They employ a stratified semiconductor structure that turns sunlight straight into power with remarkable effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into power using PV cells, supplying a green energy source for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a clean, long-lasting, and economical way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into power using a photosensitive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that use organic materials, to turn sunlight into electrical power. They are compact, bendable, and enable more affordable, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a promising semiconductor material used in laminate solar cells due to its plentiful and safe elements. Its superior optical-electronic properties make it an desirable alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as rooftops, facades, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a thin film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures panes to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, increases energy efficiency, and gives a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations details various massive solar energy facilities around the globe, showcasing their output and locations. These stations function a crucial role in renewable energy generation and global efforts to lower carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale facilities that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as waste, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are constantly replenished, such as the sun, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly option to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing environmental impact and supporting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, and methane, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the primary energy sources for electricity generation and mobility but pose environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power stations where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, toxic elements such as lead, mercury, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how efficiently a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into convertible energy. Boosting this efficiency is key for maximizing renewable energy production and cutting reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has accelerated rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This growth is changing the global energy landscape by boosting the percentage of clean solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power facilities built to generate electricity on a industrial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through device that bending light to focus or diverge rays, creating images. It is commonly used in devices like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to minimize reflections and enhance light passage. It improves the clarity and luminosity of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes cancel each other out, resulting in a decrease or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This occurrence generally happens when the waveforms are phase-shifted by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, commonly employed in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern over time, allowing cost-effective transfer across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a compact component used to convert direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It improves system efficiency by enhancing energy production at the module level and streamlines installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a setup where the potential difference and current periodically reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over vast spans. It is generally used in households and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a kind of electrical plug used to supply DC power from a power source to an device. It typically consists of a round plug and receptacle that ensure a secure and trustworthy attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a international security certification agency that evaluates and endorses products to ensure they meet certain protection norms. It assists consumers and businesses identify dependable and protected products through thorough review and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this setup, the identical current passes through all parts, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows components to operate separately, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a solid-state device that allows current to flow in one direction exclusively, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, intended to deliver electrical energy for different devices and accessories within a vehicle. It enables users to power electronic gadgets or use small electronics while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting hardware to PCs, enabling data transmission and power delivery. It backs a wide range of peripherals such as input devices, mouses, external drives, and mobile phones, with various versions delivering faster speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to increasing energy generation and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing developments in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, ranging from radio signals to gamma radiation, all possessing varied lengths and power. This spectrum is fundamental to numerous technological applications and the natural world, allowing communication, medical imaging, and understanding of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It plays a crucial role in such as vitamin D production but can also result in skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on shades of a sole hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and unity. This layout approach emphasizes minimalism and sophistication by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a important parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to calculate the intensity of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, commonly in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in grasping the dispersion and conveyance of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of diverse tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is commonly used to describe the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a large body of atmosphere with fairly even temp and dampness characteristics, coming from from certain starting regions. These air masses influence weather patterns and air conditions as they travel over various zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the assessment of the power per unit area received from the solar source in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar cycles and Earth's weather systems, influencing climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the accumulation of dust, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar panels, which decreases their performance. Routine maintenance and care are important to minimize energy decrease and ensure optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It creates a considerable safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the peak power capacity of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak ability to generate electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an measuring tool used to measure the electrical potential between two locations in a electrical system. It is commonly used in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in photovoltaic modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid element crucial for plant development and applied in multiple industrial uses, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses special chemical properties that render it valuable in creating long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using extensive arrays of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated practice of utilizing land for both solar power production and cultivation, maximizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are photovoltaic devices designed to harvest sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides shade while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of multiple solar panels designed to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to produce environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that delivers shade and protection from the elements for exterior areas. It enhances the practicality and visual charm of a terrace, making it a cozy area for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line connecting an viewer to a destination. It is frequently used in navigation, land measurement, and celestial observation to indicate the direction of an celestial body relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance widely used in thin-film solar cells due to its high efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits excellent optical characteristics, making it a popular option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies play a crucial role in promoting solar energy implementation and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of energy output equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to measure massive electricity production and usage. It is commonly associated with electricity stations, power grids, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a global leader in solar power solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film-based solar modules that offer excellent efficiency and low-cost power output. The organization is dedicated to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and decreasing the global dependence on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly connecting various parts of industrial and automation systems to enhance efficiency and trustworthiness. It concentrates on developing advanced solutions that facilitate smooth communication and interoperability among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top Chinese-based corporation specializing in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic photovoltaic items and systems. Renowned for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion W, often utilized to describe the potential of large-scale power production or consumption. It highlights the huge power extent involved in current power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the concept where the cost per unit of production drops as overall production grows, due to learning curve and improvements achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of accumulated experience in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in production and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics turn sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, sustainable energy source that helps lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or lower than the expense of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are cost-effectively competitive with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the primary electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a system of power lines, offering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the region, and is transmitted through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the solar radiation using solar cells to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It represents a renewable, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, business, and industrial sites to generate clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered goods features a selection of tools that harness sunlight to produce energy, promoting environmentally friendly and renewable living. These solutions include ranging from solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor tools, offering versatile alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a facility that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use lenses and reflectors to focus sunlight on high-performance photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting energy capture using less space. This approach is particularly effective in areas with intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to lowering solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |